RDA proved only weak influence on nanoplanktonic Euglenophyceae and Chlorophyceae exerted by filtering crustaceans and on Cyanobacteria and Chysophyceae by rotifers. Microplanktonic Cyanobacteria and Cryptophyceae positively influenced Cladocera, but not in summer months. In Swarzędzkie Lake, we observed a similar rapid decline of cladoceran biomass, accompanied by accompanying rise in Cyanobacteria abundance. Grazing by cladocerans creates a selective pressure on the phytoplankton community, causing elimination of organisms that do not exceed a precisely defined size (Gliwicz, 1980). 4a). Technical Bulletin (in press), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Lunte CC, Luecke C (1990) Trophic interactions of, Lynch M, Weider LJ, Lampert W (1986) Measurement of the carbon balance in, McNaught DC, Hasler AD (1964) Rate of movement of populations of, Neess J (1949) Development and status of pond fertilization in central Europe. The number of Cyanobacteria in summer 2001 reached ca. Because of their central role in the food web, they are a key ecosystem component from the standpoint of the food web research summarized in this book. For zooplankton counting, 10 L of lake water was filtered through a plankton net (mesh size 40 µm). Resource abstract: Indicators based on plankton functional groups, or lifeforms, can be used to reveal plankton community responses to factors such as nutrient loading from humans and climate-driven change. Not logged in (Tomec et al., 2002) and Grigorszky et al. Only statistically significant data of the first canonical root are given. Some taxonomically diverse flagellated nanoplanktonic algae were grazing sensitive, whereas microplanktonic cryptophytes and coenobial green algae were significantly grazing resistant. Small, taxonomically diverse flagellated species belong to the first group: Chrysococcus skujae Heyning, Ch. All rights reserved. Springer-Verlag, New York, Brooks JL, Dodson SI (1965) Predation, body size, and composition of plankton. (2003). (Bottrell et al., 1976). Simple statistics revealed a positive correlation between zooplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration (r = 0.404, P = 0.033) and between zooplankton abundance and phytoplankton biomass (r = 0.42, P = 0.028). Results of canonical correlation analyses (statistically significant cases were only presented) (Number of valid cases = 28). It is difficult to explain these relationships, because Cryptophyceae are not easy available for Cladocera. 11:274–448, Birge EA, Juday C (1922) The inland lakes of Wisconsin: The plankton I. A similar low negative influence was with the nanoplanktonic chlorophytes algae and euglenophytes during autumn and winter (Fig. Modifying effect of biotic agents, The outline of algae ecology in freshwater and terrestrial environments, Cladoceran filtering rate: body length relationship for bacterial and large algal particles, Mass balance calculations of nitrogen and phosphorus for Swarzędzkie Lake, Influence of changes of nutrients loading on structure and functioning of the ecosystem of the Swarzędzkie Lake. Arts Lett. It was assumed for filaments 100 µm as the standard length, for coenobia, the most frequent cell number and for large spherical colonies, 100 cells as the standard specimen. Phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions, size, relations and adaptive responses. 6), and its mean values for the vertical profile ranged from 0 (December 2001) to 87.56% day−1 (May 2002). The copepods suppress large phytoplankton, whereas nanoplanktonic algae increase in abundance (Sommer et al., 2003). For general relationships between zooplankton and phytoplankton variables, we used simple or multiple regression (STATISTICA version 7.1). As indicated by Time-lag analysis (TLA), the long-term dynamics of phytoplankton and zooplankton were undergoing directional variations, what's more, there exists significant seasonal variations of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities as indicated by Non-Metric Multidimensional scaling (NMDS) methods. 76:335–358, Pedrós-Alió C, Brock TD (1985) Zooplankton dynamics in Lake Mendota: Short-term versus long-term changes. Trans. In turn, zooplankton provide food for krill and some small fish. The zooplankton community was composed of 96 taxa, including 67 rotifers, 17 cladocerans and 12 copepods. Chlorophyll a (bars) and biomass of two phytoplankton size groups: nanoplankton (below 30 µm) and microplankton (over 30 µm) in the water layer just below the surface of Swarzędzkie Lake in 2000−2002. The positive influence of zooplankton on phytoplankton variables indicated above was not identical with the results of canonical analysis using 14 phytoplankton groups. Cesk. Among them, filt… Chlorophyll a concentration indicated seasonal fluctuations (Figs 3 and 6) similar to those of phytoplankton biomass. Rozpr. 14). 4. Zooplankton community grazing rates calculated by K&H’s model (Knoechel and Holtby, 1986) and Lampert’s (L) model (Lampert, 1988) and chlorophyll a concentration in Swarzędzkie Lake during the study period (means for the vertical profile). Consequently, phytoplankton biomass estimates are of major concern in aquatic ecological studies (Harris, 1986). Because of their central role in the food web, they are a key ecosystem component from the standpoint of the food web research summarized in this book. emend. Bull. Hydrobiologia 200/201:187–203, Birge EA (1898) Plankton studies on Lake Mendota: II. 13, Box GEP, Tiao GC (1975) Intervention analysis with applications to economic and environmental problems. Most zooplankton eat phytoplankton, and most are, in turn, eaten by larger animals (or by each other). Grazing rate together with rotifer and copepod biomass explained about more twice the variance (16.5%) and it was a little more than the influence of temperature exerted on phytoplankton (Table II). The concentration of phytoplankton remained higher than zooplankton in the surface water samples except in the autumn season while this condition was almost reversed in the depth samples. An established one-dimensional Shelf Sea Physics and Primary Production (S2P3) model has been developed into three different new models: S2P3-NPZ which includes a nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton (NPZ) framework, where the grazing rate is no longer fixed but instead varies over time depending on different functions chosen to represent the predator–prey relationship …
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