Other people involved with the film include Aaron Boyd, Larry Franco, Dean Semler, Sanna Seppanen, and Gurubaksh Singh. During the late 1950s and 1960s, the French New Wave directors such as François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard produced films such as Les quatre cents coups, Breathless and Jules et Jim which broke the rules of Hollywood cinema's narrative structure. [citation needed] He summed up his work in Mary Jane's Mishap of 1903, with repeated cuts to a close shot of a housemaid fooling around. Occasionally the word can also be used to refer to the fame of other members of the crew, such as a director or other personality, such as Martin Scorsese. The most notorious film is Guy Debord's Howls for Sade of 1952. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside Hollywood, or other major studio systems. One of the most famous was The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959) from critically acclaimed Bengali film director Satyajit Ray, whose films had a profound influence on world cinema, with directors such as Akira Kurosawa,[86] Martin Scorsese,[87][88] James Ivory,[89] Abbas Kiarostami, Elia Kazan, François Truffaut,[90] Steven Spielberg,[91][92][93] Carlos Saura,[94] Jean-Luc Godard,[95] Isao Takahata,[96] Gregory Nava, Ira Sachs, Wes Anderson[97] and Danny Boyle[98] being influenced by his cinematic style. It was only when Paul Davidson, the owner of a chain of cinemas, brought Asta Nielsen and Urban Gad to Germany from Denmark in 1911, and set up a production company, Projektions-AG "Union" (PAGU), for them, that a change-over to renting prints began. In the case of the U.S., some historians credit sound with saving the Hollywood studio system in the face of the Great Depression (Parkinson, 1995). Film, ako výsledok nakrútenia série statických a momentových snímok je vlastne obraz „oživený“ na projekčnej ploche. [99] Subrata Mitra's cinematographic technique of bounce lighting also originates from The Apu Trilogy. Sidney Drew was the leader in developing "polite comedy", while slapstick was refined by Fatty Arbuckle and Charles Chaplin, who both started with Mack Sennett's Keystone company. For other uses, see. (2003), CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Fischer, Lucy. The use of different camera speeds also appeared around 1900 in the films of Robert W. Paul and Hepworth. Experiments with early phenakisticope-based animation projectors were made at least as early as 1843. [citation needed] The pivotal innovation was the introduction of the three-strip version of the Technicolor process, first used for animated cartoons in 1932, then also for live-action short films and isolated sequences in a few feature films, then for an entire feature film, Becky Sharp, in 1935. Held captive for 7 years in an enclosed space, a woman and her young son finally gain their freedom, allowing the boy to experience the outside world for the first time. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily promoted films which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent films indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Later in the flight, Dinah Bellman, a blind girl, awakens and asks her aunt for water. If the direction of the shot changes by more than ninety degrees, it is called a reverse-angle cutting. 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